Ethical and legal implications of the development of transgenic biotechnology. Reflections on the transaction of the law of vegetable breeders in chile
Recently, the Congress Chamber in Chile has approved the legal procedure for the law of protection of new varieties of plants, colloquially named Monsanto Law. The rights of plant breeders are a system of intellectual property for specific protection of new varieties of plants. For a variety to be...
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Universidad Militar Nueva Granada
2015
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| Acceso en línea: | http://hdl.handle.net/10654/34088 |
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Universidad Militar Nueva Granada |
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Español (Spanish) |
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Transgenic protection of new varieties of plants legislation bioethics intellectual property Transgénicos protección de obtenciones vegetales legislación bioética propiedad intelectual Transgênicos proteção de obtenções vegetais legislação bioética propriedade intelectual |
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Transgenic protection of new varieties of plants legislation bioethics intellectual property Transgénicos protección de obtenciones vegetales legislación bioética propiedad intelectual Transgênicos proteção de obtenções vegetais legislação bioética propriedade intelectual Cornejo Plaza, María Issabel Rodríguez Yunta, Eduardo Ethical and legal implications of the development of transgenic biotechnology. Reflections on the transaction of the law of vegetable breeders in chile |
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Recently, the Congress Chamber in Chile has approved the legal procedure for the law of protection of new varieties of plants, colloquially named Monsanto Law. The rights of plant breeders are a system of intellectual property for specific protection of new varieties of plants. For a variety to be protected, it must be new, different, uniform and stable. The rights of breeders are ruled under the International Union for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants (UPOV). Chile has adhered to UPOV act 1978 in 1996 and has been implemented by the law of New Plant Varieties Breeders Nº 19.342 of 1994. Nevertheless, Chile signed a free-trade agreement with the United States since January 1, 2004 compromising to incorporate UPOV 1991. This legal initiative has caused some fear in Chilean civil society and the political world. Great are also the ethical edges around this initiative, since the normative will privatize the seeds and concentrates the property in a few companies, assuming economic interests by Monsanto multinational. Furthermore, the project law would be violating the agreement 169 by the International Work Organization (IWO) about biodiversity. On the other hand, there is no adequate registry for “plant genetic” resources in Chile. Referring to ethical discussion, we can point put that this normative do not consider reflections about the principles of precaution, solidarity, responsibility and sustainability with the environment. Furthermore, an adequate legislation about transgenic organisms may without doubt help to progress with equity. |
| format |
Artículo (Article) |
| author |
Cornejo Plaza, María Issabel Rodríguez Yunta, Eduardo |
| author_facet |
Cornejo Plaza, María Issabel Rodríguez Yunta, Eduardo |
| author_sort |
Cornejo Plaza, María Issabel |
| title |
Ethical and legal implications of the development of transgenic biotechnology. Reflections on the transaction of the law of vegetable breeders in chile |
| title_short |
Ethical and legal implications of the development of transgenic biotechnology. Reflections on the transaction of the law of vegetable breeders in chile |
| title_full |
Ethical and legal implications of the development of transgenic biotechnology. Reflections on the transaction of the law of vegetable breeders in chile |
| title_fullStr |
Ethical and legal implications of the development of transgenic biotechnology. Reflections on the transaction of the law of vegetable breeders in chile |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Ethical and legal implications of the development of transgenic biotechnology. Reflections on the transaction of the law of vegetable breeders in chile |
| title_sort |
ethical and legal implications of the development of transgenic biotechnology. reflections on the transaction of the law of vegetable breeders in chile |
| publisher |
Universidad Militar Nueva Granada |
| publishDate |
2015 |
| url |
http://hdl.handle.net/10654/34088 |
| _version_ |
1712102021120655360 |
| spelling |
ir-10654-340882020-01-08T19:31:29Z Ethical and legal implications of the development of transgenic biotechnology. Reflections on the transaction of the law of vegetable breeders in chile Implicancias Éticas y Jurídicas en el desarrollo de la biotecnología transgénica. Reflexiones en torno a la tramitación de la Ley de Obtentores Vegetales en Chile Implicações éticas e jurídicas no desenvolvimento da biotecnologia transgênica. Reflexões ao redor a tramitação da lei de obtentores vegetais no chile Cornejo Plaza, María Issabel Rodríguez Yunta, Eduardo Transgenic protection of new varieties of plants legislation bioethics intellectual property Transgénicos protección de obtenciones vegetales legislación bioética propiedad intelectual Transgênicos proteção de obtenções vegetais legislação bioética propriedade intelectual Recently, the Congress Chamber in Chile has approved the legal procedure for the law of protection of new varieties of plants, colloquially named Monsanto Law. The rights of plant breeders are a system of intellectual property for specific protection of new varieties of plants. For a variety to be protected, it must be new, different, uniform and stable. The rights of breeders are ruled under the International Union for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants (UPOV). Chile has adhered to UPOV act 1978 in 1996 and has been implemented by the law of New Plant Varieties Breeders Nº 19.342 of 1994. Nevertheless, Chile signed a free-trade agreement with the United States since January 1, 2004 compromising to incorporate UPOV 1991. This legal initiative has caused some fear in Chilean civil society and the political world. Great are also the ethical edges around this initiative, since the normative will privatize the seeds and concentrates the property in a few companies, assuming economic interests by Monsanto multinational. Furthermore, the project law would be violating the agreement 169 by the International Work Organization (IWO) about biodiversity. On the other hand, there is no adequate registry for “plant genetic” resources in Chile. Referring to ethical discussion, we can point put that this normative do not consider reflections about the principles of precaution, solidarity, responsibility and sustainability with the environment. Furthermore, an adequate legislation about transgenic organisms may without doubt help to progress with equity. Recientemente ha sido aprobada por la Cámara de Diputados en Chile la tramitación de la Ley de Obtentores Vegetales (Ley Monsanto). Esta investigación pretende un análisis analítico, crítico e interpretativo de un proyecto de ley que debiera seguir ciertos parámetros éticos. Los derechos de obtentores vegetales son un sistema de propiedad intelectual para la protección específica de nuevas variedades de plantas. Para que una variedad pueda ser protegida, debe ser nueva, distinta, uniforme y estable. Los derechos de obtentor se rigen bajo la Unión Internacional para la Protección de las Obtenciones Vegetales (UPOV). Chile ha adherido a UPOV en acta 1978 en 1996, y lo implementa mediante la Ley de Obtentores de Nuevas Variedades Vegetales, No. 19.342 de 1994. Sin embargo, Chile firmó un acuerdo de Libre Comercio con Estados Unidos, donde se compromete a incorporarse a la versión de UPOV 1991. Esta iniciativa ha causado gran resquemor en la sociedad civil chilena y en el mundo político. Grandes son también las aristas éticas en torno a esta iniciativa, desde que la normativa privatizaría las semillas y concentraría la propiedad de estas en pocas empresas, entre las cuales se presumen intereses económicos de Monsanto. Además, el proyecto de ley estaría violando el convenio 169 de la Organización Internacional del Trabajo (OIT) sobre biodiversidad. Por otro lado, en Chile no existe un catastro de recursos “fitogenéticos” adecuado. Respeto a la discusión bioética, esta normativa no considera reflexiones en torno a los principios de precaución, solidaridad, multiculturalidad, responsabilidad y sustentabilidad con el medio ambiente en el contexto global. Consideramos que una adecuada legislación en torno a los transgénicos puede sin duda ayudar al progreso con equidad. Foi recentemente aprovada pela Câmara dos Deputados do Chile a tramitação da lei de Obtentores Vegetais (Lei Monsanto). Esta pesquisa busca uma análise analítica, crítica e interpretativa de um projeto de lei que deveria seguir certas normas éticas. Os direitos dos obtentores vegetais são um sistema da propriedade intelectual para a proteção específica de novas variedades vegetais. Para que uma variedade pudera ser protegida, que deve ser nova, distinta, uniforme e estável. Os direitos do obtentor são regidos pela União Internacional para a Proteção das Obtenções Vegetais (UPOV). Chile aderiu à UPOV em acta 1978, em 1996, e implementada pela Lei de Obtentores de Novas Variedades Vegetais, No. 19,342 de 1994. No entanto, Chile assina um acordo de Livre Comércio com os Estados Unidos, onde ele concorda em se juntar a versão do UPOV de 1991. Esta iniciativa tem causado grande ressentimento na sociedade civil chilena e no mundo político. Grandes também são as bordas éticas em torno desta iniciativa, uma vez que as normas privatizam as sementes e concentram a propriedade desses em poucas empresas, entre as quais se presumem interesses econômicos da Monsanto. Além disso, o projeto de lei violaria o convenia 169 da Organização Internacional do Trabalho (OIT) sobre a biodiversidade. Por outro lado, no Chile não existe um cadastro de recursos “fito genéticos” adequado. Respeito ao debate bioético, esta legislação não considera reflexões sobre o princípio da precaução, solidariedade, multiculturalismo, responsabilidade e sustentabilidade com o meio ambiente no contexto global. Consideramos que uma legislação adequada sobre os transgênicos pode certamente ajudar a o progresso com equidade. 2015-07-15 2020-01-08T19:31:29Z 2020-01-08T19:31:29Z info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion http://revistas.unimilitar.edu.co/index.php/rlbi/article/view/541 10.18359/rlbi.541 http://hdl.handle.net/10654/34088 spa http://revistas.unimilitar.edu.co/index.php/rlbi/article/view/541/306 /*ref*/•Artigas C. (2001). El principio precautorio en el derecho y la política internacional. Santiago de Chile: Comisión Económica para América Latina y el caribre [CEPAL]. /*ref*/•Acuerdo de la Ronda de Uruguay (1994). Acuerdo General sobre Aranceles Aduaneros y Comercio (General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade, GATT). /*ref*/•Bawa, A.S. y Anilakumar, K. R. (diciembre, 2013). Genetically modified foods: safety, risks and public concerns-a review. J Food Sci Technol.50(6), 1035-1046. /*ref*/•Brasil, Declaración de Río de Janeiro (1992). “Sobre medio ambiente y desarrollo”, principio 15. Río de Janeiro, Brasil. /*ref*/•Brasil, Declaración de Río de Janeiro (1998). “Sobre el Medio Ambiente y el Desarrollo”, principio 7. Brasil río de Janeiro. /*ref*/•Callahan, D. (1996). Biotechnology and ethics: a blueprint for the future. Keynote: setting and communicating the limits in2015biotechnology. Recuperado el 14 de marzo de 2014, de http://www.biotech.nwu.edu/nsf/callahan.html Directiva de la Unión Europea 2001/18/CEE. /*ref*/•European Food Safety Authority. (2010). Panel on Genetically Modified Organisms (GMO). Scientific opinion. Guidance on the environmental risk assessment of genetically modified plants. EFSA J, 81879 doi:10.2903/j.efsa.2010.1879. /*ref*/•Geary, J. (28 de octubre de1996). Battle of the bean genes. Time, 148(18), 48-49. /*ref*/•Laible, G. (2009). Enhancing livestock through genetic engineering. Recent advances and future prospects. Comparative Immunology, Microbiology & Infectious Diseases, 32, 123-127. /*ref*/•Martinelli, L., Karbarz M. y Siipi, H. (2013). Science, Safety and Trust: the case of transgenic food. Croatian Medical Journal, 54(1), 91-96. /*ref*/•Newton, P., Brown, D. y Clover, C. (12 de febrero de 1999). Alarm over ‘Frankenstein’ foods. Electronic Telegraph, Issue 1358. Recuperado el 15 de marzo de 2014, de http://www.telegraph.co.uk /*ref*/•Organización de la Nacionaes Unidas (s. f.). Informe “Our Common Future”, capítulo 2: Toward Sustainable Development. Recuperado el 15 de marzo de 2014, de http://www.undocuments.net/ocf-02.htm /*ref*/•Ormandy, E. H., Dale, J. y Griffin, G. (2011). Genetic engineering of animals: Ethical issues, including welfare concerns. The Canadian Veterinary Journal, 52(5), 54-550. /*ref*/•Rodríguez Yunta, E. (noviembre, 2013). Temas éticos en investigación internacional con alimentos transgénicos. Acta bioeth, 19(2), 209-218. Recuperado el 6 de marzo de 2014, de http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1726-569X2013000200005&lng=es.http://dx.doi.org/10.4067/S1726-569X2013000200005 Reg. 1830/2003/EC /*ref*/•Russell, W.M. S. y Burch, R. L. (1959). The principles of humane experimental technique. Methuen, London: Terragni F. Biotechnology patents and ethical aspects. Cancer Detect Prev. 1993; 17(2):317-21. PMID:8402719 /*ref*/•Jonas, H. (1995). El Principio de Responsabilidad. Ensayo de una ética para la civilización tecnológica Barcelona: Círculo de Lectores, Herder. /*ref*/•Romeo Casabona, C. M. (2002). Los genes y sus leyes. El derecho ante el genoma humano. Revista de de Derecho y Genoma Humano, 1(24), Unión Internacional para la Protección de las Obtenciones Vegetales [UPOV] (s. f.) Informe de la UPOV sobre el impacto de la protección de obtentores vegetales. Recuperado el 15 de marzo de 2014, de http://www.upov.int/export/sites/upov/about/es/pdf/353_upov_report.pdf /*ref*/•Wadman, M. (1996). Genetic resistance spreads to consumers. Nature, 383, 564. /*ref*/•Whitelaw C. B. A., Lillico S. G., King T. Production of transgenic farm animals by viral vector-mediated gene transfer. Reproduction in Domest Animals, 43, 355-358. Derechos de autor 2016 Revista Latinoamericana de Bioética https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0 application/pdf Universidad Militar Nueva Granada Revista Latinoamericana de Bioética; Vol. 15 Núm. 29-2 (2015): Bioética, proximidad e investigación; 132-143 2462-859X 1657-4702 |
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